What is a Spiral Curriculum?
A Spiral Curriculum is an approach to curriculum design in which important concepts and skills are introduced at a simple level, revisited repeatedly, and developed in increasing depth and complexity as learners progress.
The concept is strongly associated with Jerome Bruner, who argued that learners can understand important ideas when they are presented appropriately for their level and then revisited as their understanding develops.
Key Features
1. Revisiting concepts – Important topics are taught more than once.
2. Increasing complexity – Each revisit goes deeper than the previous one.
3. Building on prior knowledge – New learning connects with what learners already know.
4. Progressive development – Concepts move from simple to more complex.
5. Reinforcement – Repeated exposure strengthens understanding and retention.
Example
Consider fractions:
Basic level: Learners identify simple fractions such as ½ and ¼.
Next level: They compare and order fractions.
Later: They add and subtract fractions.
More advanced: They multiply, divide and apply fractions to real-life problems.
The same concept keeps returning, but the level of understanding becomes deeper each time.
Spiral Curriculum vs. Repetition
A spiral curriculum is not simply repeating the same lesson.
Repetition: Teach the same content again.
Spiral curriculum: Revisit the content with greater depth, complexity and application.
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